Very Short Important Questions:
Question: What is "Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan"?
Answer: This is an education campaign which aims to provide primary education to all school children in the age group of 6 to 14 years by 2010.
Question: How can infant mortality be reduced?
Answer: Due to the following reasons for reducing infant mortality rate: -
(1) Infants are protected from infection.
(2) Good food and nutrition should be provided for the children.
(3) Mothers should be trained in child rearing.
Question: What do you understand by unemployment?
Answer: Unemployment is said to be present when people who are willing to work at the prevailing wages are unable to get employment.
Question: What is the difference between economic and non-economic activities?
Answer: Activities done for the purpose of earning money or income are called economic activities.
On the contrary, the activities done for other purposes like love, sympathy, duty, patriotism are called non-economic activities.
Question: What do you think of people as a resource?
Answer: People as resource means working people of the country who have skill and competence. People contribute to the gross national product as a resource. People as a resource are the positive side of a large population, which is often ignored.
Question: How is educated unemployment a particular problem for India?
Answer: In India, every year 5 lakh youths go in search of employment whereas in India employment opportunities are low due to which the number of millions of educated unemployed is increasing every year. The huge increase in the number of under-educated unemployed is a problem.
Question: How is educated unemployed a problem for India?
Answer: Every year 5 lakh youths go out in India in search of employment, while employment opportunities in India are low due to which the number of millions of educated unemployed is increasing every year. The huge increase in the number of under-educated unemployed is a problem.
Question: Which capital do you consider the best? - Land, labor, physical capital and human capital?
Answer: Human capital is the best capital because this capital has the material capacity, dexterity, knowledge, etc. of the people which help it in producing more. This capital is superior to labor, land and physical capital. Without this capital, other capital is meaningless.
Question: What is the difference between disguised and seasonal unemployed?
Answer: Disguised unemployed is unemployed where they get work, but they are hired in secret, they are not required. This usually happens in agricultural work. If this person is removed, there will be no decrease in productivity of tow farming. In contrast, seasonal unemployment occurs when people are unable to get employment in a few months of the year. People on agriculture often struggle with this type of problem. There is some busy season in the year when sowing and weeding etc. are done. In some special months, people based on agriculture are unable to find work. In the intervening months, they remain idle. This is called seasonal unemployment.
Question: What is the difference between economic and non-economic activities?
Answer:
Economic activities
1. Activities done for the purpose of earning money or income are called economic activities.
2. Business, Job, Mazdoor etc.
Non-economic activities
1. On the contrary, activities done for other purposes like love, sympathy, duty, patriotism are called non-economic activities.
2. Cooking, taking care of siblings etc.
Additional Question Answers:
Q.1. Why is domestic services of house women not treated as economic activities?
Answer:
Domestic Services by Women. In India, most women generally look after
domestic affairs like cooking of food, washing of clothes, cleaning of utensils, looking after children, etc. They are not treated as economic / productive activities. This is mainly because of two reasons :
(i) Such activities are performed out of love and affection and hence their valuation is not possible.
(ii) They do not add to the flow of goods and services in the economy.
Q.2. Differentiate between voluntary and involuntary unemployment. Give an example.
Answer:
(a) A person is said to be unemployed when he is able and willing to work at the
prevailing wage rate but does not find work. This is involuntary unemployment.
(b) If some persons are voluntarily unemployed (i.e., they prefer to remain out of work at prevailing wage rates they will not be treated as unemployed. This is voluntary unemployment.
Q.3. What is unemployment? Explain two types of rural unemployment?
Answer:
Unemployment is said to exist when people who are willing to work at the
prevailing wages rates cannot find jobs. Unemployment in rural areas :
(i) Disguised unemployment : When more persons are working in a job than
actually required, the situation is termed as disguised unemployment. For example, if in an agricultural activity eight people are engaged but this work activity actually requires the services of five people, then three persons are extra. It these three people out of eight are withdrawn, total production will remain unaffected.
(ii) Seasonal Unemployment : Seasonal unemployment occurs when people are able to find jobs only during some months of the year. This kind of unemployment is generally found in agricultural sector.
Q.4. What is Infant Mortality Rate? Why infant mortality rate is decreasing?
Ans. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is the total number of children dying under one year of age in a particular period of time. Infant Mortality Rate is decreasing due to following reasons :
(i) Increase in life expectancy due to improved medical facilities.
(ii) Better protection of children from infection, ensuring nutrition along with mother and child care.
Q.5. Give three measures taken by government to improve literacy condition in India.
Answer:
(i) Opening of Navodaya Vidyalayas : Government has started to estabish Navodaya Vidyalayas in each district vocational streams have been developed to equip large number of high school students with occupations related to knowledge and skills.
(ii) Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan : It is a significant step towards providing elementary education to all the children of age group 614 years. It is an initiative of the central government in partnership with states, local government and the community for achieving the goal of universalisation of elementary education.
(iii) Midday Meal Scheme : It is a programme aimed to encourage attendance and retention of children in schools and improve their nutritional status.
Q6. Why are the people of country refered as resources?
Answer : There are the following reasons for which people of the country refered as resources.
(i) For developement : Resources are used in the development of country for varoius purposes like lands for making roads, buildings and other infrastructures.
(ii) For man making : Men power is the main key for a country. This can build every kinds of capitals. So that the people used their resources for man making.
